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lesson number
 17
Economic indicators
 
The Gross National Product (GNP) measures the economic performance of the whole economy.
This indicator consists,  at  macro scale, of  the  sum of consumption spending, investment
spending, government spending, and net trade.

The gross national product refers to the sum of all
goods and services produced by United States residents, either in the United States or abroad. 
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the sum of all goods and services produced in the
United States, either by domestic or foreign companies.

 The differences are nominal in the case
of the economy of the United States. GDP figures are more popular outside the United States. In
order to make it easier to compare the performances of different economies, the United States
also releases GDP figures.
 
Consumption Spending is made possible by personal income  and discretionary income. The
decision by consumers to spend or to save is psychological in nature. Consumer confidence is
also measured as an important indicator of the propensity of consumers who have discretionary
income to switch from saving to buying.
 
Investment (or gross private domestic) Spending consists of fixed investment and inventories.
 
Government Spending is  very influential in terms of  both sheer size and its impact on other
economic indicators, due to special expenditures.

For instance, United States  military
expenditures had a significant role in total U.S. employment until 1990. The  defense cuts  that
occurred at the time increased unemployment figures in the short run.
 
Net Trade is another  major component of the GNP. Worldwide Internationalization and the
economic and political developments since 1980 have had a sharp impact on the United States'
ability to compete overseas.

The U.S. trade deficit of the past  decades has  slowed down the
overall GNP. GNP can be approached in two ways: flow of product and flow of cost.
 
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